Material adverse change

A negotiated contractual concept used in provisions such as closing conditions or termination rights for sufficiently adverse changes. It does not automatically let a buyer withdraw after any serious setback.

Material adverse change in practice

Hypothetical: a buyer signs in March for a June closing, and the target loses its largest customer in April. Whether that event qualifies, and what right follows, depends on the negotiated definition, carveouts, any disproportionate-effect exception, duration, materiality and applicable law.

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